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Chapter 2 A.P. Human Geography
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Who Am I?! Thomas Malthus Theory on population growth vs. ability to grow food. Linear food growth vs. exponential population growth Did not account for changes in food production- industrial revolution
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Population Concentrations
Arithmetic Density: # of people/ square miles within a nation Physiological density: # of people/arable land Concentration- climate/water Dense : trade/ability to grow food (megalopolis) Sparse: bad weather, difficult to grow food, lack of natural resources
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World Population Distribution and Density
East Asia – ¼ of world population here South Asia – bound by the Himalayas and a desert in Pakistan Europe – population is concentrated in cities North America – megalopolis
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Doubling time has decreased over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Slowly began to increase again after reaching 6 billion
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Population Vocabulary
Crude Birth Rate: # of births/1000 ppl in the population Low life expectancy, high child/infant mortality rates, attempting to replace the population Crude Death Rate: # of deaths/1000 ppl in the population Availability to medicine/sanitation Births – Deaths= Natural Rate of Increase Replacement Rate: 2.1- # of children that need to be born per woman in order to replace the population. Many developed countries are below this rate. Italy =0.8 Rely on immigration to make up for the difference in the replacement rate
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The Demographic Transition
Stage 1: Low Growth (Pre-Industrial Revolution) Stage 2: High Growth (Early 1700s) Stage 3: Moderate Growth (First half of 1900s) Stage 4: Low Growth or Stationary
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Population Pyramids – Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the total population, divided by gender.
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Governments and Population Policies
Expansive :tax Credits/incentives Eugenic: “cleansing” based on ethnicity, superiority Restrictive: One Child Policy
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